Restricting the Transnational Movement of “Knowledgeable Bodies”
Restricting the Transnational Movement of “Knowledgeable Bodies”
The Interplay of US Visa Restrictions and Export Controls in the Cold War
This article argues against the popular notion that in a globalizing world national borders become ever more porous and incrementally lose their relevance, not least in the realm of research and development. In order to understand the impact national borders have on the circulation of knowledge, it is necessary to analyze the workings of border policing regimes. This study shows why and how since the 1950s and up to the present day the travels of scientists and students into the United States was closely regulated by an interplay of two bureaucratic regimes: visa restrictions and export control regulations. Closely tied to fears of the loss of technical data and know-how to enemies, the two regimes co-developed into a huge, rambling instrument of knowledge control that time and again established insurmountable obstacles to the mobility of "knowledgeable bodies."
Keywords: knowledge circulation, border regimes, visa regulations, export controls
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