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The Amboseli ElephantsA Long-Term Perspective on a Long-Lived Mammal$
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The Amboseli Elephants: A Long-Term Perspective on a Long-Lived Mammal

Cynthia J. Moss, Harvey Croze, and Phyllis C. Lee

Print publication date: 2011

Print ISBN-13: 9780226542232

Published to Chicago Scholarship Online: February 2013

DOI: 10.7208/chicago/9780226542263.001.0001

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Female Reproductive Strategies: Individual Life Histories

Female Reproductive Strategies: Individual Life Histories

Chapter:
(p.187) Chapter 12 Female Reproductive Strategies: Individual Life Histories
Source:
The Amboseli Elephants
Author(s):

Cynthia J. Moss

Phyllis C. Lee

Publisher:
University of Chicago Press
DOI:10.7208/chicago/9780226542263.003.0012

This chapter first focuses on the question, how do individuals maximize their reproductive potential? In this context, it explores age at first reproduction, sex ratios and calf sex, calf survival, and age-specific variation in inter-birth intervals. The chapter then addresses the question, how does the social context affect reproduction for elephant females? It examines whether there is evidence of hierarchical or status effects on reproductive potential, and finally, deals with the question, how do both the individual and the social context for reproduction change over a life span? The chapter uses the conventional concept of a strategy as that of consistent and measurable outcomes, which vary between age-classes, between matriarchs and subordinate females, and among individuals in relation to complex individual, group, or time-specific traits. It explores reproductive strategies from the perspectives of consistency and variation in tactics—an exploration of alternatives available to females.

Keywords:   calf sex, reproductive potential, sex ration, life histories, inter-birth intervals, elephant females

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