Between Hospital and Psychoanalytic Setting
Between Hospital and Psychoanalytic Setting
Paul Schilder and American Psychiatry, or How to Do Psychoanalysis without the Unconscious
Chapter five looks into what became of Freudian psychoanalysis when the connective principles upon which it was based were discarded, by following the career of the psychoanalyst Paul Schilder. Schilder, who emigrated from Austria to the US in 1928, styled himself as a psychoanalyst, but remained far from the Freudian orthodoxy. While Wernicke and the early Freud emphasized the functioning of the whole reflex arc, in particular the set of associations connecting sensory to motor arcs, Schilder in his neurological tests treated the two separately. An important effect of this modification of reflex testing is that Schilder had to rely on the patient's report for an account of her sensory experience. The reliance on this report in his clinical practice, this chapter argues, encouraged Schilder's embrace of a self-transparent subject in his psychoanalytic theory, as seen in his rejection of the Freudian unconscious. Further, the debates over Schilder's ideas in the US, resulting ultimately in his expulsion from the New York Psychoanalytic Society, shed light on deep conflicts within American psychoanalysis.
Keywords: Paul Schilder, New York Psychoanalytic Society, self-transparent subject, body image, neurological examination, psychoanalysis, emigration
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