The Near East, North Africa, Europe
The Near East, North Africa, Europe
Kings of Persia imported war elephants and Indian drivers. Alexander the Great acquired Indian elephants and elephant personnel. After his death the Hellenistic kingdoms used war elephants against one another. Seleucids of Syria got elephants from India, while Ptolemies of Egypt trained up African elephants using Indian elephant knowledge. Carthaginians, Romans, Sassanian kings of Persia and Ghaznavid Muslim kings also used war elephants. In all there are some seventy battles and sieges using elephants, across seven centuries, in the surviving records of these kingdoms.
Keywords: Darius III, Alexander the Great, Poros, Seleucus Nicator, Ptolemy, Hannibal, Carthaginians, Sassanians
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