The chapter begins with a look at classicizing techniques used purely formally by certain creative artists in works without a classical orientation. It then turns to thinkers who urged a return to classical values and forms--known variously as “rappel à l’ordre” and “Third Humanism”--and a renewal of order in response to the spiritual crisis (Valéry, Pannwitz) caused by the war and the dissemination of their ideas in such journals as The New Criterion, La Nouvelle Revue Française, and La Ronda. The revival generated a widespread turn to such writers of classical antiquity as Virgil and Ovid.