Colonial Relations and Social Change in Iberia (Seventh to Third Centuries BC)
Colonial Relations and Social Change in Iberia (Seventh to Third Centuries BC)
The word “Iberia” and the ethnonym “Iberes” were used by the ancient Greeks to designate a relatively vast region on the Mediterranean edge of the Iberian Peninsula that extended to the north of Cartagena to the Pyrenees, or even farther. In the second century BC, the term acquired a more general signification and tended to name the whole peninsula. This chapter offers a brief account of the colonial relations that developed in Iberia from the seventh century BC, when Phoenician traders coming from the Straits of Gibraltar area visited its shores for the first time, until the last years of the third century BC, when, as a result of the Second Punic War, the whole area came under the rule of the Roman Republic. It examines the role of colonial trade in the transformation of indigenous Iberian societies in different regions during the period. It emphasizes especially the complex, contingent, and regionally variable relations that developed among Phoenicians, Greeks, and indigenous peoples.
Keywords: Iberia, Iberian Peninsula, Greeks, Phoenicians, indigenous peoples, colonial relations, colonial trade, Straits of Gibraltar, Roman Republic, Second Punic War
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