The Structure of European Higher Education in the Wake of the Bologna Reforms
The Structure of European Higher Education in the Wake of the Bologna Reforms
The United States remains the predominant destination for foreign students. There are growing concerns that American higher education is losing ground to other countries. At this juncture it is probably Europe that presents the main challenge to America's dominance in higher education. Europe is also in the process of instituting some far-reaching reforms to the structure of higher education. In 1999, ministers of education from twenty-nine European countries issued the Bologna Declaration in order to modernize and harmonize the European system of higher education. The ultimate aim of the Bologna process is the creation of a European Higher Education Area with academic degree and quality assurance standards comparable throughout Europe. The Bologna reforms also have the potential to encourage greater competition between universities in Europe. This chapter explores the main characteristics associated with the Bologna reforms and considers their possible consequences for higher education in the United States and Europe. The push to harmonize the disparate European systems of higher education under the Bologna process offers an important benefit from a research perspective.
Keywords: Bologna reforms, higher education, universities, foreign students, quality assurance
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