Globalization is part of a contemporary trend toward adopting a planetary scale as a means of emancipation from a primarily national representation of issues. Chapter 8 focuses on how mountains came to be identified as a global issue. The introduction of the mountain into organizations and international conferences has been a major innovation of the last twenty years. It was the result of a reconfiguration of stakeholders: the initiative fell to a heterogeneous group of individuals, organizations, and institutions that included scientists, national administrations, and various international organizations. It proceeded to recompose the levels of analysis and recommendation and called for a redefinition of the category of the mountain and of the objects that compose it. This global recognition of mountain which led to significant initiatives had to overcome the diversity of environmental, socioeconomic, and political situations of the various mountain ranges throughout the world. Therefore, the still-decisive weight of the actors at intermediate levels and the extreme diversity of mountain situations throughout the world require a multiscalar approach to each of the problems and a multi-level approach to the modalities for solving them.